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| == A ==
| | {{MovedToMoodle|See CS-001 Computer Science Reference: Glossary}} |
| {{GlossaryItem|Abstract Data Type|Abstract Data Type|or ADT represents a model for a data structure; the model specifies behavior for the data type, supported operations, and how those operations are evaluated}} | | {{MerlinNoteFromEditor|Please provide a link. I can't find the CS-001 reference or Glossary.}} |
| {{GlossaryItem|API|API|an Application Programming Interface (API) connects computers or software to each other; a common example is logging-in to a third-party site via Google.}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Array|Array|a collection of items, more commonly referred to as elements, that can be identified and accessed by an index}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|ASCII|ASCII|American Standard Code for Information Interchange; ASCII codes represent characters and text in computers and other electronic communication devices}} | |
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| == B ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Base|Base|aka Number Base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional number system}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Bash|Bash|}}aka Bourne-Again SHell, designed by Brian Fox for the GNU operating system, is the default shell for {{GlossaryReference|Linux|Linux}} and Mac operating systems
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| {{GlossaryItem|Binary System|Binary System|is a number system that uses two digits (0 and 1) to represent a number); this is the system that computers use to store data.}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Bit|Bit|aka "binary digit," the most basic unit of information or data in computing}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Boolean|Boolean|a data type that stores binary variables (true or false; 1 or 0; on or off)}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Boolean Algebra|Boolean Algebra|is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are true or false, usually represented as 0 or 1. It formalizes logical relations.}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Boolean Function|Boolean Function|a function that performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces one or more binary outputs}}
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| == C ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|C|C|a low-level, general-purpose programming language, initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972, many newer languages are based on C}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|CPU|CPU|or Central Processing Unit is the "brain" of the computer, and executes instructions from computer programs, the operating system, and other computer parts}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Command-line Interface|Command-line Interface|or CLI allows the user to type commands for the computer to execute; a common command-line interface is {{GlossaryReference|Bash|bash}}}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Conditional|Conditional|or conditional statement is a line or lines of code that tell the program to execute actions based on whether a condition is met; common conditional statements include <syntaxhighlight inline lang="bash>if</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight inline lang="bash>else</syntaxhighlight>, and <syntaxhighlight inline lang="bash>else if</syntaxhighlight>}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|CSS|CSS|Cascading Style Sheets is a programming language that is commonly used with HTML and provides styling for a web page}}
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| == D ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Deprecated|Deprecated|describes a piece of software or technology that is no longer recommended for use due to its obsolescence, or imminent obsolescence}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Dictionary|Dictionary|an iterable data structure that stores information in key-value pairs. The keys and values can be any data type, but all keys must be the same data type, and all values must be the same data type. Keys are unique and can be used to identify the values.}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Directory|Directory|a logical grouping of related files (and potentially other directories)}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Double|Double|a data type that represents a 64-bit floating point number, or decimal}}
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| == E ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|emacs|emacs|a powerful text editor and environment available on various operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and macOS}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|End User|End User|a person who uses a particular product or software}}
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| == F ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|File|File|either a destination or source for a stream of data, most often persisted on a storage device}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|For-Loop|For-Loop|a type of logic flow statement that specifies iteration and allows code to be repeated. In Swift, also called a '''for-in loop.'''}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Float|Float|a data type that represents 32-bit floating point numbers or decimals.}}
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| == G ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Git|Git|software used to track changes in files, usually used in software development teams}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|GitHub|GitHub|a popular service used for source control and collaboration}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|GitHub Repository|GitHub Repository|or '''GitHub repo''' is the <syntaxhighlight inline lang="bash">.git/</syntaxhighlight> folder in a project that tracks all the changes made to the project files}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|GNU|GNU|aka "GNU is not Unix" or GNU Project is a Unix-like operating system, or collection of software programs, launched by Richard Stallman in the 1980s}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|GNU General Public License|GNU General Public License|or GNU GPL or GPL is a series of licenses that allow users to freely copy, modify, study, and share software, originally written by Richard Stallman}}
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| == H ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Hexadecimal System|Hexadecimal System|is a number system that uses 16 digits to represent a number. The digits are 0-10 and then A-F, where A {{Equal}} 11, B {{Equal}} 12, … , F {{Equal}} 15.}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|HTML|HTML|HyperText Markup Language, is one of the essential building blocks for web pages. It defines the general structure of a web page, as well as its content. Every single website on the internet uses HTML in one form or another.}}
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| == I ==
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| == J ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|JavaScript|JavaScript|a high-level programming language, which can be used to fetch data via an API, modify HTML and CSS, and is the core of modern web pages}}
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| == K ==
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| == L ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Logic Gate|Logic Gate|an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, typically represented using graphical symbols}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Linux|Linux|refers to the Linux kernel developed by Linux Torvalds in the 1990's, and also the family of open-source operating systems developed around the Linux kernel; these operating systems run most major websites, Android; common Linux distributions include Debian and Ubuntu}}
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| == M ==
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| == N ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Newsgroup|Newsgroup|a discussion group around a certain topic, usually within the Usenet system.}}
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| == O ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Open-source Software|Open-source Software|software that is made available under a license so that end users can freely edit, modify, copy, sell, and share that software}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Operating System|Operating System|or OS is a critical program in any computer that allocates resources, such as memory, processing time, and storage; the OS communicates between the hardware and software of a computer.}}
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| == P ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|PHP|PHP|the most commonly used server-side language}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Process|Process|a program that is being executed by the operating system}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Positional Notation|Positional Notation|a method of encoding numbers that uses the same symbol for different orders of magnitude depending on its position; the value of a position is dependent on the location within the number (ex: 123 {{Equal}} 1*10<sup>2</sup> + 2*10<sup>1</sup> + 3*10<sup>0</sup>)}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Python|Python|a free, high-level open source programming language that can be used in both front-end and back-end development}}
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| == Q ==
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| == R ==
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| == S ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|SaaS|SaaS|or "Software as a Service" is a cloud-based software licensing and delivery model, where the user access a software via the internet}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Shell|Shell|a user interface that provides access to an operating system's services}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|String|String|a string of characters, a common data type in computer programming}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Syntactic_Sugar|Syntactic Sugar|syntax within a language which isn't strictly required but, in some manner, generally through increased clarity or readability, makes the syntax easier to understand for humans}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Swift|Swift|a general-purpose, open-source programming language developed by Apple, a replacement for {{GlossaryReference|C|C-based}} languages}}
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| == T ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Terminal|Terminal|a program that runs a shell and allows us to enter commands; a terminal is a {{GlossaryReference|Command-line Interface|command-line interface}} but not all CLIs are terminals<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-terminal-console-shell-and-command-line/ "Difference between Terminal, Console, Shell, and Command-Line Interface." (Geeks for Geeks) Accessed on November 19, 2021]</ref>}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Terminal Emulator|Terminal Emulator|a software application that mimics a computer terminal}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Truth Table|Truth Table|a means to specify the required output(s) for the specified input(s), given particular boolean algebraic expressions}}
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| {{GlossaryItem|Tuple|Tuple|in mathematics, is a finite ordered list of elements. In Python, a tuple is an immutable data structure that stores an ordered sequence of values.}}
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| == U ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|Unix|Unix|a family of operating systems developed in the 1960's and 1970's at AT&T's Bell Labs, basis for Linux and GNU operating systems}}
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| == V ==
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| == W ==
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| {{GlossaryItem|While Loop|While Loop|a logic flow statement that allows code to be repeated based on a Boolean statement}}
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| == X ==
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| == Y ==
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| == Z ==
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